ubunutu + pyenv + virturalenv 환경구축

1. 컴파일을 하기 위한 기본 패키지를 설치한다.

#https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems

sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev \
libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev \
xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python-openssl git

2. pyenv 설치 파일 다운 받기

#물론 내외망에 열려있어야한다.
#임의의 폴더를 만들어서 컴파일할 파일을 다운 받는다.
xxx@test:~$git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git  ~/.pyenv
Cloning into '/home/xxx/ ~/.pyenv'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 21, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (21/21), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (13/13), done.
remote: Total 18078 (delta 8), reused 16 (delta 5), pack-reused 18057
Receiving objects: 100% (18078/18078), 3.60 MiB | 2.69 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (12297/12297), done.

#또는 원격셀을 실행한다.
curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yyuu/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash

3. PATH 환경 구성하기

#https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc

4. pyenv 설치된 버전 확인

xxx@yyyy:~$pyenv versions
system (set by /home/xxx/.pyenv/version)

#아직 아무 버전도 설치된 것이 없다.

5. pyenv로 설치가능한 python 버전 리스트 조회 (너무 많으니, 3.* 버전을 찾아본다.)

ktaisas@aisasai11:~/virtualenv$pyenv install --list | grep 3.
 ..
  ..
  ..
  ..
  ..
  ..
  3.6.8
  3.6.9
  3.6.10
  3.6.11
  3.7.0
  3.7-dev
  3.7.1
  3.7.2
  3.7.3
  3.7.4
  3.7.5
  3.7.6
  3.7.7
  3.7.8
  3.8.0
  3.8-dev
  3.8.1
  3.8.2
  3.8.3
  3.8.4rc1
  3.9.0b3
  3.9-dev
  3.10-dev

 

5. 3.6.8 버전 설치하기

xxx@yyy:~$pyenv install 3.6.8
Downloading Python-3.6.8.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.6.8...
Installed Python-3.6.8 to /home/xxx/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8
xxx@yyy:~$pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/xxx/.pyenv/version)
  3.6.8

5. 추가 최신 버전 설치

xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$pyenv install 3.8.3
Downloading Python-3.8.3.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.8.3...
Installed Python-3.8.3 to /home/ktaisas/.pyenv/versions/3.8.3

 

6. virtualenv 설치하기

pip3 install virtualenv

7. 가상환경설치(virturalenv) 및 시작하기

xxx@yyy:~$virtualenv venv

Command 'virtualenv' not found, but can be installed with:

apt install virtualenv
Please ask your administrator.

xxx@yyyy:~$sudo apt install virtualenv
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  python3-virtualenv
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  python3-virtualenv virtualenv
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 47.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 171 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 python3-virtualenv all 15.1.0+ds-1.1 [43.4 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 virtualenv all 15.1.0+ds-1.1 [4,476 B]
Fetched 47.8 kB in 2s (30.6 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package python3-virtualenv.
(Reading database ... 181382 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-virtualenv_15.1.0+ds-1.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-virtualenv (15.1.0+ds-1.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package virtualenv.
Preparing to unpack .../virtualenv_15.1.0+ds-1.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking virtualenv (15.1.0+ds-1.1) ...
Setting up python3-virtualenv (15.1.0+ds-1.1) ...
Setting up virtualenv (15.1.0+ds-1.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...

8. python 설치 버전 조회

xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$pyenv versions
  system
* 3.6.8 (set by /home/xxx/virtualenv/.python-version) #=>현재 지정된 버전
  3.8.3

9. python 특정 버전 선택하기

xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$pyenv shell 3.8.3
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$python -V
Python 3.8.3

10. 예) python 3.6.8 버전의 가상 환경을 구성할때

#가상환경이름을 v_3678로 만든다.
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$virtualenv v_368
created virtual environment CPython3.6.9.final.0-64 in 208ms
  creator CPython3Posix(dest=/home/xxx/virtualenv/v_368, clear=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/home/xxx/.local/share/virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==20.1.1, setuptools==47.3.1, wheel==0.34.2
  activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator

#가상환경 폴더가 생겼는지 확인한다.
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 3 xxx xxx 4096 Jul  6 16:37 ./
drwxr-xr-x 8 xxx xxx 4096 Jul  6 16:35 ../
drwxrwxr-x 4 xxx xxx 4096 Jul  6 16:37 v_368/
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$cd v_368/
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$python -V
Python 3.7.4

#현재 파이썬은 3.7.4로 되어있다.
#이 폴더를 local 옵션을 지정하여 해당 디렉토리의 파이썬 버전을 지정한다.
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv$cd v_368
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv/v_368$pyenv local 3.6.8
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv/v_368$python -V
Python 3.6.8

#가상환경으로 진입하여 개발한다.
xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv/v_368$. ./bin/activate
(v_368) xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv/v_368$python -V
Python 3.6.9
(v_368) xxx@yyy:~/virtualenv/v_368$